Hulton Archive/Getty Images Hulton Archive/Getty Images The Coronavirus pandemic has upended the entire global economy. It also appears to have upended — for the time being, at least — some core economic principles. So we thought we'd take the opportunity to get back to basics, and reintroduce ourselves to some of the fundamental concepts of economics, first identified — or at least recorded — in the 8th century, BC. Steven Medema, author of The Economics Book: From Xenophon to Cryptocurrency, 250 Milestones in the History of Economics, reveals the first airing of those fundamentals in Works and Days, an 8th century B.C. poem by Hesiod. The poem concerns itself with the proper way to manage a household. Hesiod and his brother, Perses, had inherited a large estate from their parents, but Perses had squandered his half and was bribing local officials to let him seize Hesiod's share as well. Beginning with a classical invocation of the Muses, Works and Days was Hesiod's response to his brother, an attempt to convince Perses that hard work was the proper response to having blown his wealth. And in writing the poem, Hesiod also introduced three fundamental economic themes that are still relevant to this day: scarcity, shame, and envy. Music by Drop Electric. Additional Music: "Regal Beauty", "Journey Into Darkness" Find us: Twitter / Facebook / Newsletter. Subscribe to our show on Apple Podcasts, PocketCasts and NPR One.